Bookbinding.



No. 686,373. Patented Nov. l2, l90l.

B. F. WELKER.

BOOKBINDING.

(Application filed June 26, 1901.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

Patented Nov. I2, I90l. B. F. WELKER.

BDOKBINDING.

(Application filed June 26, 1901.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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BERNARD FREDRICK wELKnR; OF SAN MIGUEL, oALIFORNIA.

sooksmome.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,373, dated November 12, 1901.

Application filed June 26, 1901.

following is a specification.

.tures of the invention.

This invention relates to bookbindings; and the objects of the same are to provide simple and efiective cord or twine securing-loops situated in converging slots orkerfs, each twine loop being materially shorter when drawn into its seat than at its point of entry,

whereby the loop cannot slip out of its jin tended position and is inseparably held in binding relation to the book, to continue the binding cord or twine terminals under leather or other hinge-guards which are connected to the board covers, the said guards being also held by the cord or twine securing-loops and serving as the direct hinge connections for covers, and thereby prevent the bound signatures or leaf sections from working loose from the back con nect-ion of, the covers, and to produce a lasting and strong binding which is prevented from having strain concentrated thereon and giving away from the glue or cement and the binding cord or twine.

The invention consists in the construction and arrangement of the several parts, which will be more fully hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a bound book with the back-covers removed and embodying the fea- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the device shown by Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the improved binding, showing the fly-leaves open. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective view of one of the cord or twine loops, showing the manner of crossing the extremities thereof. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of a portion of the bound leaves and one of the covers.

Similar numerals of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

The numeral 1 designates a series or plurality of signatures or leaf-sections which have their folds arranged in close relation. At the front and back of the assembled signatures or leaf-sections are double guards 2,

slots 10 and 11.

$erial No. 66,138. (No model.)

of leather or other suitable material of a strong and ,durable nature, the end portions of each guard being securely fastened to a fly-leaf 3 and a leaf 4, which is pasted against the inside of the back or cover adjacent thereto. The parts as thus arranged are tightlyheld in close contact and then brought into operative engagement with a saw or similar cutting device to first form an upper slot or kerf '5, which slants downwardly about threeeight-hs of an inch and into the book one-quarter of an inch. At a suitable and preferred distance below the said upper slot two reversely-inclined slots 6 and 7 are next produced by the saw or other device, both slots fstarting from the same point and of the same length and. inward extent as the said upper slot. The third slots or kerfs 8 and 9 are the same as the slots 6 and 7, as are also the fourth By the arrangement of the slots as set forth it will be seen that they will be disposed in inwardly-converging pairs 5 The lower slot or kerf 12 slants upwardly and is and 6, 7 and 8, 9 and 10, and 11 and12.

also of the same length and inward extent as the other slots. The length and inward extent of the said slots may be varied at will,

according to the size and general demands of 86 the binding, and it is obvious that the number referred to may be increased or decreased. The slots extend into the guards and the leaves 3 and 4, and consequently when the twine is applied, as will bepresently set forth,

said latter parts of the book are securely bound in with the signatures or leaf-sections. Lengths of cord or twine 13 are preferably employed for forming the securing means for the binding and are arranged in independent 0 securing-loops, as shown by Fig. 4, with the extremities 14 crossing each other and the terminals 15 frayed and flattened and glued or pasted to the adjacent portions of the guards and leaves 4, the said terminals being directed 5 in accordance with the slant of the slots or kerfs from which they exit. To clearly illustrate the mode of applying the loops, the slots or kerfs, as shown, will be particularly referred to, and the upper or first loop engages or kerfs 9 and 10, similarly converging, and

the fourth loop the slots 11 and 12, also inwardly converging. It will be seen that when the several loops are drawn into the slots which they engage the indrawing and tightening of the loops will cause them to firmly bear against the inner terminals of the slots, and thereby the dimensions of the loops are reduced materially relatively to the primal arrangement thereof for introduction into the slots. After the securing-loops are applied, as shown and set forth, the opposite sides thereof bear against the guards and are parallel with the folds of the latter and of the signatures or leaf-sections,and when the loops are tightened to the full limit and the terminals secured the sides exert a forceful or strongbinding pressure on the portions of the guards and leaves and signatures between them.

When the loops have been secured in place, the slots are supplied with a filling 16 of glue, as shown by Fig. 2, and the portions of the backs of the signatures or leaf-sections are forced or hammered inwardly, as at 17, to reduce or contract the throats of said slots, and thereby render it impossible for the portions of the loops engaging the slots to pull or work out. A coating of glue or cement is then applied to the back of the binding as thus produced, and while in moist condition it is inserted in the back connection 18, Fig. 5, of the covers 19, the leaves 4 being pasted or secured against the inner sides of the latter and the binding thus completed. The guards form the hinges for the covers and the hinge strain is removed from the back of the binding, as the latter is immovably held and the covers open forward of the loops. The guards also prevent the loops from sinking into the first and last signatures or sections of the book and prevent wear on the said sections.

The improved binding will prove an advantage in saving the books embodying the same from loosening and wearing, as well as produce a flexible action for the covers and, above all, provide 'a strong and durable binding.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is 1. The combination of a plurality of signatures having slots cut into the back portions thereof, said slots converging ,in pairs inwardly toward each other, securing-loops en gaging said inwardlyconverging pairs of slots, front and back double guards extending full length of the signatures and secured to the latter by said loops, a back secured to the bound portions of the signatures and having attached covers, portions of the guards being secured against the inner sides of the covers and forming hinges for the latter, and

BERNARD FREDRIOK WELKER.

Witnesses:

CHAS. BARNARD, J. B. HAND. 

